Finding False Memories Of The Mall - 1446 Words

Texperiences. Some people might argue that getting lost in the mall is too common of an experience to demonstrate false memories. For this argument, Hyman et al. constructed an experiment to show the occurrence of false memories in less that common childhood events including spilling punch at a wedding and a sprinkler system going off a at grocery store. For one variation of this study, Hyman et al. implanted the memory of an overnight hospitalization with a high fever, and possible ear infection. The participants were told they were going to be asked about events from their childhood based on information provided by their parents. They were then given the titles of the events (including the false visit to the hospital) and asked to†¦show more content†¦Some ideas in the field include looking at the response speed of the recollection of memories, and the emotion felt when recalling the memory (Reisberg). A common assumption is that the confidence with which memory is recalled could indic ate its accuracy. However, there is very little association with how sure someone is about the occurrence of an event and how accurate their recollection is. We are often sure of our false memories. Smith, Ellsworth, and Kassin explain this in their study on Eyewitness Accuracy and Confidence. They note that most officials in court cases overwhelmingly believe confidence in eyewitness testimony to be positively correlated with accuracy. To disprove this, they studied about 100 undergraduate students from Stanford University. They had the students watch a car accident, participate in a filler task, and then answer questions about the car accident. They were asked to rate the confidence on their answers on a scale of 1 (no clue) to 10 (absolutely sure). The researchers then computed the correlation of accuracy and confidence and found the same conclusion as Reisberg explained: confidence can not be solid an indicator of accuracy (Smith 358). In fact, the more we are asked to recall a memory, the more confident we become, which is unfortunate because it s easy to create a false memory. Let us take anShow MoreRelatedThe Car Crash Study By Loftus And Palmer1179 Words   |  5 Pages The Car Crash Study was done in 1974 by Loftus and Palmer that was aimed to test their theory that the language used in an eyewitness testimonies can alter the eyewitness’s memory of the event. They got 45 American students and showed them 7 films of traffic accidents, ranging from 5 to 30 seconds, in a random order. Afterwards the subjects were asked to describe what happened as if they were at the accident. They were then asked more specific questions such as, â€Å"About how fast were the cars goingRead MoreProject M2 : False Memory1635 Words   |  7 Pages Project M2: False Memory Literature review. This project is based on false memory and asks the question, â€Å"Will words that are presented visually evoke false recall of an associated word more than if words are presented aurally?† False memory has been defined as, â€Å"A mental experience that is mistakenly taken to be a veridical representation of an event from one’s personal past. Memories can be false in relatively minor ways, believing one last saw the keys in the kitchen when they were in the livingRead MoreDoes Drm Effect Affect Memory?1553 Words   |  7 PagesDRM paradigm has been used to produce false memories in controlled conditions. For our project we used positive and neutral mood inductions to examine an effect on false memories using the DRM lists. Storbeck and Clore (2005) found that negative mood leads to fewer false memories and that there is not effect of positive mood on memory. The current experiment is rested on two hypotheses: one that mood does not affect memory; therefore, accuracy will not differ between the two conditions. Second hypothesisRead MoreAsparagus, a Love Story: Healthier Eating Could Be a False Memory Away2000 Words   |  8 PagesAsparagus, a Love Story: Healthier Eating Could Be a False Memory Away Utshav Tiwari East Central University Asparagus, a Love Story: Healthier Eating Could Be Just a False Memory Away Summary The article is about false memory. The researchers are trying to find out the effect of planting positive false memory in an individual. The authors of the article are; CaraRead MoreFalse Memory Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesFalse memory, second to forgetting, is one of the two fundamental types of deformation in episodic memory (Holliday, Brainerd Reyna, 2010). Simply stated, false memory is the propensity to account normal occurrences as being a fraction of a key experience that in actuality was not an element of that experience (Holliday, Brainerd Reyna). False memories are something nearly everyone experience. Furthermore, false memory is defined as placed together, constructed representations of mental schemasRead MoreExamine and Assess the Influence of Other People on Human Behaviour and Performance.1704 Words   |  7 Pagestodays technologically advanced society. Finally, the essay will use the research done by Loftus and Palmer in the 1970s together with Loftus and Pickerell (1995) to assess and evaluate the influence of other people on human performance, in this case, memory and how it can be distorted by others. The aim of Adorno et als (1950) study was to measure personality and the predisposition for fascism (the F-scale) through the quantitative method of administering questionnaires to over 2000 participantsRead MoreFalse Memory : How It Impacts Everyday Life And Society2076 Words   |  9 Pages False Memory: How it Impacts Everyday Life and Society Sami Bickford Caledonia-Mumford High School Abstract False memory involves rebuilding memories by filling in the gaps with interpretations and then eventually convincing oneself that it is true. There are multiple different causes to the creation of false memory and ways of identifying what is true or false. Therapist manipulation by implanting false memories of sexual abuse as a child in to their patients has become a majorRead MoreWhat Is A False Memory?2142 Words   |  9 PagesCherry, K. (2016, March 19). What Is a False Memory? Retrieved April 30, 2016, from https:// www.verywell.com/what-is-a-false-memory-2795193 This webpage presents false memory at a glance. The webpage covers topics relating specifically to false memory, such as the definitions, causes, impacts, and who is affected. The author distinguishes false memory from other forms of memory fallibility. Also, the author indicates the various factors that influence false memory like misinformation, misattributionRead MoreAnalyzing the Problem of a Witness Recall of Memory Based on Psychiatric Intervention2057 Words   |  8 PagesFalse Memories Petition 1) The problem of a witness recall of memory based on psychiatric intervention- the evidence of which is unreliable It is humbly submitted that oral evidence all over the world forms the primary form of evidence. What a person sees, hears and probably experiences are part of the testimony which can be rebutted by a cross examination. In the adversarial form of criminal law, evidence of this type must be subject to a cross examination by the defence. In the case of a personRead MoreRepressed Memories Essay3891 Words   |  16 PagesRepressed Memories Abstract In recent years there has been a hot debate between repressed vs. false memories. Neurobiological studies show that both suppression and recall and the creation of false memories are possible. This paper evaluates the evidence but forth by both sides of the controversy and concludes that both are feasible and separate phenomenon, which occur at significant rates in our society. Further biological research on the effect of psychological trauma on the neurochemistry

Essay about Economic Competition Should we Care about the...

Economic Competition: Should We Care about the losers? Only if you’re doing it wrong Jonathan Wolff is the head of philosophy at the University College of London. In one of his pieces titled, Economic Competition: Should We Care About The Losers, he particularly focuses on the economic wellbeing on individuals whom interests may be in danger within economic competition. After discussing several subcategories within economic play, Wolff believes that we have a moral obligation to help those that may be taken advantage of in the commercial world. These potential â€Å"losers†, he states, fluctuates between producers and consumers. Within his description, Wolff clarifies that exploitation is a direct consequence of economic competition. â€Å"†¦show more content†¦He identifies the action as not merely taking advantage of someone, but playing in a way that their actions should be an essential component in the achievement of one’s goals. Therefore, Wolff presents the idea of a â€Å"moral safety net† (i.e. social security, bankruptcy laws) that prevents such exploitation to take place (609). However, as much as it is known that exploitation is possible within the market, Wolff only subtly grasps the idea of economic competition. Although he gives a decent argument about the interests of those who may potentially suffer let us talk about legitimate microeconomics and how they will affect society. In Wolff’s entire argument, he focuses on only one scope of competition, production efficiency. This is where a good is produced at the lowest input cost possible. Obviously this will not maximize social welfare because the ultimate purpose is to eventually surpass the original level of production and maximize profit. Given that the level of production within a business fluctuated to maximize social welfare, a whole new story- one Wolff ignores- is given. Here, marginal benefit is equal to one’s marginal cost and therefore, producers and consumers have come to a win-win situation. Unlike John Wolff, it should also be duly noted that within the producer realm, employees are not exploited. How often is an individual chained to their desk (606)? Within capitalist economics, wages are fairly paid by an emp loyer’s profits. WeShow MoreRelatedFree Trade s Defence : The Ricardian Theory Of Trade1670 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of trade states that â€Å"Trade is a positive-sum game and therefore there are no losers across or within countries† (dowling). On the contrary, Paul Krugman questions the necessity of free trade and the notion presented by this theory. Asserting that even though free trade agreements seem to provide a win-win outcome for countries, one country is guaranteed to benefit much more; establishing a winner and loser (Krugman free trade passe). These different ideologies are one of the various argumentsRead MorePoverty and Classism752 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents in poverty the opportunities and access it affords to most other students. Without good education, most people would encounter challenges in finding income-generating work, especially when there are few employment opportunities during an economic downturn. According to Koppelman and Goodhart, merchants would sometimes exploit the poor by enforcing or formulating policies that would earn them more profits. These practices include blank price tags, bait and switch, rent-to-own and pawnshopsRead MoreIs Education A Common Good?1299 Words   |  6 Pages We, in the United States of America, live in an inarguably market-driven economy where he who has the most or the best usually wins. Whether its the most wealth, the most power, the most influence, or when speaking of education, the most opportunity; starting out on top has life altering advantages. Many Americans would argue that Education is a common good, a stepping-stone through which students can make something better of their futures. Therefore, should society set up a system to createRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Effects of Globalization1570 Words   |  7 Pagesoutsourced overseas; find it hard to feel positive about globalization. Watching families lose their homes and children going hungry is a disgrace considering we are the greatest country in the world. Maybe we are our own worst enemies to a degree. The collapse of our economy is partially due to globalization and our own greed. What happened to the middle-class? Unemployment is at an all time high since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. What we are experiencing now has been referred to as theRead MoreStrategy Non Market Environments953 Words   |  4 Pageskill, but can you hold when scavengers come o Eat fast if you’re a cheetah ï‚ · Value Creation o Economic Activity ï‚ · Value Capture o Power, Leverage Companies you create (value you create) must be cognizant of game to come (value capture) Boeing ï‚ · Site distribution throughout US, most Congressional districts o Helps when applying / bidding for contracts o Decision making process in Congress ï‚ · If only worried about â€Å"capturing an antelope† (market environment), wouldn’t design locations for supply chain thisRead MoreAutomotive Benchmarking1215 Words   |  5 Pagesrealize demand (University of Phoenix, 2006). Organizations that care about how the strength of the economy might affect their ability t o raise prices or how it might determine the price of goods and services they must buy will pay close attention to fiscal and monetary policy (University of Phoenix, 2006, p.1). The following paper will discuss the tools used by the Federal Reserve to control the money supply. Because organizations should not only look at the economy as a whole but also take into considerationRead MoreThe Discipline : The Art And Practice Of The Learning Organization2305 Words   |  10 Pagesthe answerers when in fact they do not. When a difficult issues arise a manager may not know the answerer will hide behind the lowest IQ of management deflecting a response. To easy the burden on management and improve product quality. Organizations should motivate and support personal mastery culture. Personal mastery allows an employee to vision and clarify ones growth at work. They can create a mental internal image ranging a simple generalization to complex theories of how the world works. A sharedRead Mo reModern Liberalism : A Strong And Integrated System Of Ideas, Values, And Beliefs Essay1969 Words   |  8 PagesAn ideology is a consistent and integrated system of ideas, values, and beliefs about who should get what, when, and how. While many Americans avoid labeling, preferring to call themselves moderates, two major ideologies are prominent in American politics: Modern conservatism believes in free market capitalism, limited government, and individual self-reliance without government aid. Much of modern conservatism reflects values it shares with classic liberalism, discussed above. Unique conservativeRead MoreSurvival of the Fittest2218 Words   |  9 Pages Spencer wrote, where its fittest members are allowed to assert their fitness with the least hindrance (quoted in Bergman, n.d) He went on to argue that the unfit should not be prevented from dying out. His whole idea is based on the favor of competition and individuality. In his theory, he also mentioned about government should involve as little as possible, and also encouraged government not to aide the poor, since it would only promotes laziness and vice and many more other subject mattersRead MoreMen Are Superior to Women3698 Words   |  15 Pagesthe sexes and putting women into combat, the risks aren’t equal. This year we passed the milestone of 3,000 deaths in Iraq, and o f those, 2,938 were men, 62 were women. 3 One can imagine an ancient battle in which the enemy was driven off and the city saved, and the returning soldiers are showered with gold coins. An early feminist might protest that hey, all those men are getting gold coins, half of those coins should go to women. In principle, I agree. But remember, while the men you see are

The Judicial Branch free essay sample

The Judicial Branch is the most important branch of the United States government, due to the significant role it plays in interpreting and determining if laws are constitutional. Even though the Judicial Branch is the smallest in size and has smallest budget of any branch in our nation’s government, it exercises enormous power and is equal to other branches of the government because it has the power of Judicial Review. Judicial Review is the review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. The Creation of the Federal Courts The Constitution defines the structure and functions of the legislative branch of the government. It clearly addresses the responsibilities and powers of the president. But, it treats the judicial branch almost as an afterthought. Article III specifically creates only one court (the Supreme Court), allows judges to serve for life and to receive compensation, broadly outlines original jurisdiction, and outlines the trial procedure for and limitations of congressional power against those accused of treason. Framers of the Constitution The framers of the Constitution were clearly more interested in their experiment with legislative government than in the creation of a judicial system. Had it not been for John Marshall, the third chief justice of the Supreme Court, the judicial branch might well have developed into a weak, ineffective check on the legislature and the presidency. But Marshall changed everything by interpreting a power implied by Article III. Judicial review, or the power of the courts to overturn a law, was the vehicle he used to create the most powerful judicial branch in the history of the world. Article III basically implied that â€Å"the judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish†. It also stated that â€Å"The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority,†. Writs A writ is a written court order requiring a party to perform or cease to perform a given act. Marshalls decision was to declare the writ of mandamus unconstitutional, claiming that Congress had passed a law repugnant to the Constitution. He declared that because Article III did not grant the judicial branch the power of the writ of mandamus, and so the Supreme Court was unable to order Madison to act. Of course, Jefferson and Madison were happy with the decision, and the crisis passed, with only a disgruntled prospective justice (Marbury) to protest. i How the Supreme Court gets the Final Word No one seemed to understand the grand implications of what Marshall had done: he had created the power of judicial review. This established the standard that only the federal courts could interpret the Constitution. This power has given federal judges the final word in settling virtually every major issue that has challenged the government in American history. Today, the judicial branch not only provides strong checks and balances to the executive and legislative branches; it possesses a tremendous amount of policy-making power in its own right. This power rests more on the standard of judicial review set by Marshall in 1803 than on the provisions of the Constitution. How the Judges and Justices of the Federal Courts are chosen The first of three ways Judges and Justices are chosen is the Nomination Process. The Constitution provides broad parameters for the judicial nomination process. It gives the responsibility for nominating federal judges and justices to the president. It also requires nominations to be confirmed by the Senate. But many vacancies do occur during a presidents term of office. Appointing judges, then, could be a full-time job. A president relies on many sources to recommend appropriate nominees for judicial posts. Recommendations often come from the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, members of Congress, sitting judges and justices, and the American Bar Association. Some judicial hopefuls even nominate themselves. A special, very powerful tradition for recommending district judges is called senatorial courtesy. According to this practice, the senators from the state in which the vacancy occurs actually make the decision. A senator of the same political party as the President sends a nomination to the president, who almost always follows the recommendation. To ignore it would be a great affront to the senator, as well as an invitation for conflict between the president and the Senate. Presidents must consider many factors in making their choices for federal judgeships. Let’s start with the first of four factors, Experience followed by Political Ideology, Party and personal loyalties; finally they consider Ethnicity and gender. †¢Experience- Most nominees have had substantial judicial or governmental experience, either on the state or federal level. Many have law degrees or some other form of higher education. †¢Political ideology- Presidents usually appoint judges who seem to have a similar political ideology to their own. In other words, a president with a liberal ideology will usually appoint liberals to the courts. Likewise, conservative presidents tend to appoint conservatives. †¢Party and personal loyalties- A remarkably high percentage of a residents appointees belong to the presidents political party. Although political favoritism is less common today than it was a few decades ago, presidents still appoint friends and loyal supporters to federal judgeships. †¢Ethnicity and gender- Until relatively recently, almost all federal judges were white males. Today, however, ethnicity and gender are important criteria for appointing judges. In 1967, Lyndon Johnson appointed the first African American Supreme Court justice, Thurgood Marshall. In 1981, Ronald Reagan appointed the first woman to the Supreme Court, Sandra Day OConnor. All recent presidents have appointed African Americans, Latinos, members of other ethnic minority groups, and women to district courts and courts of appeal. The power of the Federal Courts Not everyone agrees on how much power the judicial branch should have. After all, federal judges and justices are appointed, not elected. As most Americans believe in democracy, shouldnt elected officials run the country? On the other hand, perhaps American government would be fairer if judges had even more power. Because they do not have to worry about reelection, they are relieved of the outside pressure of public opinion. After all, the majority is not always right. It is no accident that the Founders provided for elected officials in the legislature and appointed officials in the judiciary. They believed that freedom, equality, and justice are best achieved by a balance between the two branches of government. Checks on Judicial Power The president and Congress have some control of the judiciary with their power to appoint and confirm appointments of judges and justices. Congress also may impeach judges, alter the organization of the federal court system, and amend the Constitution. Congress can also get around a court ruling by passing a previous law declared unconstitutional by the Courts. Courts also have limited power to implement the decisions that they make. For example, if the president or another member of the executive branch chooses to ignore a ruling, there is very little that the federal courts can do about it. The power of the Courts The federal courts most important power is judicial review, or the authority to interpret the Constitution. When federal judges rule that laws or government actions violate the spirit of the Constitution, they profoundly shape public policy. For example, federal judges have declared over 100 federal laws unconstitutional. Another measure of the Supreme Courts power is its ability to overrule itself. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that schools segregated by race were unconstitutional. This reversed the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision that upheld the doctrine of separate but equal. i For the most part, though, federal courts do have a great deal of respect for previous decisions. A very strong precedent called stare decisis (let the decision stand) directs judges to be cautious about overturning decisions made by past courts. i Judicial Activism versus Judicial Restraint Judicial Activism is an interpretation of the U. S. constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions (particularly decisions of the Supreme Court). While Judicial Restraint is a theory of judicial interpretation that encourages judges to limit the exercise of their own power. The lack of agreement regarding the policy making power of courts is reflected in the debate over judicial activism versus judicial restraint. Judicial activists believe that the federal courts must correct injustices that are perpetuated or ignored by the other branches. Supporters of judicial restraint point out that appointed judges are immune to public opinion, and if they abandon their role as careful and cautious interpreters of the Constitution, they become unelected legislators. Despite the debate over what constitutes the appropriate amount of judicial power, the United States federal courts remain the most powerful judicial system in world history. Their power is enhanced by life terms for judges and justices, and they play a major role in promoting the core American values of freedom, equality, and justice. Conclusion That is why I believe the Judicial Branch is the strongest branch of the Government. Because not only does it interpret laws and declare if they are constitutional, they also execute their power of Judicial Review. They also have extensive power due to their ability to deny any court case, also higher up courts in the Federal Court System can accept those denied cases. Such as The Supreme Court did in the instance of Brown V. Board of Education, and Plessy V. Ferguson.

Investigation Of International Financial -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Investigation Suitable Of International Financial? Answer: Introduction The issue that has been presented in the question is that the Singapore Accounting Standards Council (ASC) announced that the Singapore-incorporated companies would be moving to a amended reporting framework in regards to the recording of the financial particulars that is similar to International Financial Reporting Standards for the financial years starting from 1st January 2018. The adoption of the IFRS has become an important step in the accounting world. The adoption has continued to grow from the financial year of 2005. The factors enhancing the implementation of the IFRS revolve around the facts that these accounting principles improve the quality of the financial statements, enhances the reliability, relevance and the comparability of the financial statements (Albaskri, 2015). However, there are certain areas that should be considered in determining the worthiness of the International Financial Reporting Standards. The particular way in which the International Financial Reporting Standards are applied differ from one country to another. This is primarily because the different countries have different regulations that may be adhered to while preparing the financial statements of the company. Thus, the major drawback of the accounting regulatory principles lies in the fact that the suitability of the IFRS is poor resulting in the corrupted organizations exploiting the financial position of the company by not representing the true and fair view of the company (Altarawneh, 2015). The second aspect of the regulatory principles that affect the integrity of the International Financial Reporting Standards is revenue recognition. The current standard of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles reflect that the costs associated with the transactions will only be realized when the services have been delivered in real or the money in regards to the transaction has been received. This particular regulation has resulted in some of the software companies to prepare the contracts in a way that carve out and upgrade the prices separately along with the other services whose value is difficult to ascertain. This enable the companies to resolve the accounting problems but result in the manipulation of the accounting standards that influence the way in which business is done rather than focusing on the performance of the company, that is the primary motive behind the preparation of the accounting statements. The limitations of the revenue recognition system in regards to the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards have resulted in the companies to increasingly utilize the corrupted and unethical practices for the purpose of reporting the financial performance of the company. The multinational companies and firms that share a worldwide reputation can evidently support this fact (Dhankar, Chakladerb Guptac, 2015). These firms have stated the fact that the compliance with the traditional accounting guidelines established by the International Financial Reporting Standards have resulted in the measurement and the recognition of the revenues and the expenses that have restricted the scope in the true and fair view of the representation of the financial statements of the respective companies. However, the global standard setting body has acknowledged this particular problem and has brought about a change in the International Financial Reporting Standards and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The new accounting regulations will permit the companies to bundle the services and goods pertaining to the future, into contracts for the recognition of the revenue in the particular financial year that it is earned by the utilization of the estimations in regards to the future costs and revenues. However, it should be noted here that this particular change would not be able to eliminate the problems, completely. The estimation of the costs requires the executives of the company to exercise their judgment. This opens up the opportunity for the managers to make errors or commit fraudulent activities like making fake inclination in the annual reports of the companies that represent closure towards the achievement of the financial targets of the companies (Hitz, Kaumanns Lehman n, 2016). The unofficial measures that have been undertaken by the corporate entities for the treatment of the unofficial earnings like the financial component of Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The drawbacks of the International Financial Reporting Standards have also resulted in the major discrepancies in the accounting statements of the respective organizations (K?l?a Uyarb, 2017). Another problem with the International Financial Reporting Standards is that the managers and the investors for the determination of the value of the assets of the firm do not properly utilize the fair value accounting principles. The fair value accounting standards also provide the required scope to the managers and other administrative executives of the firm to commit fraudulent activities like the understatement or the overstatement of the revenues or the losses for representing the desired image of the firm (K?l?a Uyarb, 2017). Therefore, it is evident that the principle-based financial statements are much more susceptible to fraud. However, the adoption of the new financial reporting framework by the Singapore-incorporated companies should aim to utilize the IFRS standards as the fundamental foundation for the establishment of the same (Samujh Devi, 2015). References Albaskri, I. K. (2015). The perception of accountants on IFRS adoption: Evidence from Libya (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia). Altarawneh, M. S. S. (2015). An Investigation into the Suitability of International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) in Jordan (Doctoral dissertation, Liverpool John Moores University). Dhankar, R. S., Chakladerb, B., Guptac, A. (2015). Implementing IFRS from the perspective of public sector banks in India. Hitz, J. M., Kaumanns, S., Lehmann, N. (2016). Identifying consequences of mandatory IFRS adoption: The role of selection effects. K?l?a, M., Uyarb, A. (2017). Adoption process of IFRS for SMEs in Turkey: Insights from academics and accountants. Accounting Management Information Systems/Contabilitate si Informatica de Gestiune, 16(2). Laswad, F., Redmayne, N. B. (2015). IPSAS or IFRS as the Framework for Public Sector Financial Reporting? New Zealand Preparers Perspectives. Australian Accounting Review, 25(2), 175-184. Samujh, H., Devi, S. S. (2015). Implementing IFRS for SMEs: Challenges for Developing Economies. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(3), 39-59.

Theory Analysis Dead Poets Society Essay Example For Students

Theory Analysis Dead Poets Society Essay The Marxist theory targets the flaws in capitalism where the bourgeoisie, who are rich owners, are able to control the proletariat (working class). According the Karl Marx, the bourgeoisie can control education, politics, media, etc due to their wealth. Due to the inequality, Karl Marx predicted that the proletariat would start a revolution. Karl Marx believes that capitalism leads to communication where society only cares about impressing others and conspicuous consumption. Karl Marx believes that communism would make the bourgeoisie and the proletariat equal so people wouldnt determine their lives based on their economic circumstance. The Marxist theory proves that In the Dead Poets Society the capitalist system does not work In the school because of Knells Irrational action to commit suicide. If the school had run In a communist approach, Nell could have easily expressed his feelings about acting towards the principle and his father. We will write a custom essay on Theory Analysis Dead Poets Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The students and parents took on he role of a proletariat by following the professors orders while the professors and Nils father took on the role of a bourgeoisie. Interpolation had also occurred within the movie because the parents and students were taught to believe from professors that success is only achieved through only studying. As Karl Marx predicted, the students had started a revolution by getting on their desks to rebel against the professor. I enjoyed watching the feminism criticism presentation because the restoration targets that the Dead Poets Society was only revolved around a masculine point of view. I found it interesting because they were able to find that the female characters followed the stereotype of being quiet and always listening to others. As well, I felt that they were accurate that females were viewed as a sexual object because there was a scene with an image of a nude woman. This criticism can be compared to Marxist theory because if everyone lived in a communist approach everyone including females would be able to treated in live equally.

Word Choice Into vs. In To - Proofread My Paper

Word Choice Into vs. In To - Proofread My Paper Word Choice: Into vs. In To In speech, the distinction between â€Å"into† (one word) and â€Å"in to† (two words) is pretty easy to miss. As a result, â€Å"into† and â€Å"in to† are often (wrongly) used interchangeably in writing. However, there is a difference between these terms. And while this isn’t exactly the worst grammatical error you could make, you’ll want to avoid confusing â€Å"into† and â€Å"in to† in formal or academic writing to ensure clarity. Into (Movement and Change) The preposition â€Å"into† has various uses, but most fall under the following categories: Expressing movement towards or entering something (e.g., â€Å"Bob climbed into the box†); Indicating a change in state (e.g., â€Å"The chemical turns into a gas when heated†); Meaning â€Å"about† or â€Å"relating to† something (e.g., â€Å"An inquiry into spending habits†); Showing interest in something (e.g., â€Å"I’m really into yoga these days†). Getting into yoga may involve twisting your body into some interesting shapes. The first of these covers physical movement, but can also include continued movement towards a specific point in time: She worked deep into the night to solve the problem. Likewise, when used to describe a change, this can be physical, but it can also be something more abstract, like a change in emotional state or translating something â€Å"into† another language. Importantly, all of these relate to movement, action or change. In To (Part of a Verb Phrase) As the variety of definitions above might suggest, using â€Å"into† is correct a lot of the time. The main exception to this is when â€Å"in† appears next to â€Å"to† in a sentence as part of a phrasal verb, which is when â€Å"in† is used with another word to create a verb phrase, such as â€Å"break in† or â€Å"drop in.† This can be confusing when â€Å"in† is followed by â€Å"to,† as the temptation is to combine these as â€Å"into.† But when â€Å"in† is part of a verb phrase, it needs to be kept separate from the preposition â€Å"to†: I stepped in to separate the fighters. – Correct I stepped into separate the fighters. – Incorrect Here, for instance, the verb phrase â€Å"stepped in† (meaning â€Å"intervened†) is treated as a single element in the sentence, with â€Å"to† a preposition indicating the reason for acting. Saying â€Å"I stepped into separate the fighters,† on the other hand, doesn’t make sense. This is because the preposition â€Å"into† implies entering something, but â€Å"separate the fighters† doesn’t follow from this. Nor is shouting Im going to enter you! an acceptable form of trash talk during a fight. Into or Into? As mentioned above, a lot of the time â€Å"into† is the correct term to use when describing a movement, action or change. In these cases, â€Å"into† is a single preposition. This is different when â€Å"in† is used as part of a phrasal verb followed by â€Å"to,† since here â€Å"in† is not used as a preposition in the sentence. Keeping â€Å"in† and â€Å"to† separate in these cases helps to ensure clarity, as it clearly shows the structure of the sentence. Remember: Into = Preposition indicating movement, action or change In to = Part of a verb phrase

See attachment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

See attachment - Coursework Example If a species dies faster than it reproduces, there will be a great decrease in population size. The fourth factor that affects population size is the availability of food and an appropriate habitat. Food provides the species with energy and ability to reproduce. In the video, there are some factors mentioned above that affect population size. Firstly, the birth rate of the nutria is quite high compared to other species. This is because the female can give birth to three litters in a year and each litter contains roughly six young ones. Another factor that affects population size is immigration. This evident in the fur farms in Canada and United States of America, where populations of nutria have drastically increased. Another factor is the availability of food and the appropriate environment. This allows for the growth of the species. It is my prediction that there will be a decrease and eventual depletion of the nutria population after the land is depleted of the nutrias’ food resource. This is because the nutria will migrate in search of food in other fertile regions. Secondly, the remaining nutria will eventually die of starvation due to a lack of nourishment. Thirdly, the nutria will become pests resorting to scavenging and stealing food from

Assignment 5 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Assignment 5 - Case Study Example More certainly, the noise was intense between the walls separating these two companies despite the absent of activities in my client premises. Notably, your machines were still running at the time of my evaluation. This noise is highly disrupting the activities in my client’s offices thereby affecting productivity of her employees. Therefore, it is my humbly requesting for you to allow me to conduct these measurements, so that proper recommendation may be arrived at towards curbing this problem. I intend to conduct this survey at different times of the day particularly early in the morning before your machines start running and late in the evening (4: 00 and 4:30) when only your office is at work. Kindly allow me to conduct this activity in your organization at the stipulated hours. In the contemporary society, all workers or employees spend most of their daily time at workplaces or offices where the comfortable and health indoor environment must be acquired naturally (Olpin and Hesson 27). Additionally, for the management to heighten the efficiency and productivity of the company’s investment, it must provide conducive indoor or office environment to increase the intellectual productivity of its employees. Notably, the improvement of the economic effects of the quality of the indoor environment on the productivity of the employees is relatively greater compared to the buildings’ life cycle (Mital and Kumar 88). Therefore, it is vital for any management to improve the quality of the workplace environment to increase the productivity of their employees. There should be  noted that there are underlying differences between sound and noise. Sound is any sensory perception while noise compounds unwanted sound. Noise is never friendly to human production since is an enormous distractor (Mital and Kumar 120). Moreover, it often affects mood and emotions as well as thinking, actions, and

Business Idea Journal 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Idea Journal 2 - Essay Example Although massage therapy business has been tapped into by many magnates within Canada, there seems to be a huge market niche in Halifax. Halifax is a capital metropolitan with a population of about 400,000. Approximately almost a third of the whole population seeks for massage therapy services on a regular basis. This overwhelming demand cannot be sustained by the existing massage parlors in the town. Moreover, many would want to visit a massage parlor that can provide additional services such as barbering services. There is, therefore, the need to establish a reputable massage parlor that, besides providing the therapies, other services such as hair cut can also be offered. This projected massage therapy parlor will offer two particular services; massage therapy and barbering services. It will be equipped with machines and apparatus, as well as staff specialized in this type of service delivery. Having explored this idea extensively, it has been found that men tend to seek for massage therapy services more than women in Halifax especially in the evenings when they get out from work. This is not to say that women and children do not. This establishment will target the general population; anyone who requires massage and barbering services. The fact that it is combined with a barbershop will attract and sway customers who probably needed to haircuts into asking for massage therapy. Additionally, the business will be more conspicuous in the market since it would be one of its own that has seen this kind of a combination in Halifax. To reach out to the potential clients, internet resources will be utilized. Social media is one of the many forums that this projected business can be promoted. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram among other electronic platforms would provide opportunities through which the massage therapy business

Renaissance Love Poem Versus Current Love Song English Literature Essay

Renaissance Love Poem Versus Current Love Song English Literature Essay In the current essay we will compare the Renaissance poem by Christopher Marlowe The Passionate Shepherd to His Love and current popular song Love The Way You Lie, performed by Rihanna and Eminem. It is obvious there will be crucial differences in the approach to express feelings and to say I love you in a very different manner. In the poem by Christopher Marlowe The Passionate Shepherd to His Love we can see the described nature by the author, a lot of romance and very timidly asks a woman to be his Love. And in the current popular song Love The Way You Lie, performed by Rihanna and Eminem, we can see the other century in the words and in the sense. It can be seen that there are other values; other ways to express feelings, there is less romance and more creativity in the song. The song describes the pain people get, as the love hurts and this point is the main and it is described in detail in the current song. The description of the feelings and love today differs so much from the last years and centuries, as we seem to have other things that are in the way of the relationships. Each century has its problems, its technologies and its peculiarities. That is why we are able to see such contrast between two people who are in love and who try to be convincing using their words. While the song give us a lot of information about the relationships, its problems, the poem reminds a tide of feelings and descriptions of what the author was seeing at the moment when he was writing the poem. Beautifully described nature in the poem makes everyone who read it to imagine everything the author is describing, as it seems calm and beautiful, magical and eternal. It can be certainly noted, that in the times of Renaissance, love was perceived as nature- beautiful, independent, perfect. Today, in our materialistic society, it cannot be perceived this way anymore. Today people have other values, invented by them, as they forget about the real important things to appreciate, as we have so many other things to pay attention that sometimes we forget about feelings and their importance. It can be seen in the song, as there is describe the situation of how people got along with each other, and a man describes his love in short words, he does not say anything romantic. Probable today men are not so romantic as they were at the times of a Renaissance, as today the society has other values that can overshadow the important things. As well, maybe women have accepted the fact that they will not hear romantic words and sincere words of feelings from a man, because today different gifts and presents, unfortunately, substitute them. As we live in the materia listic society, then we are forced to play by its rules. One more cause of such change in the perception of love in centuries may be the technological progress, as in the period of Renaissance people could communicate with the help of letters, and now it is possible to make phone calls, to write messages on the cell phone, e-mails, communicate via social media and chat. At the times of Renaissance people missed each other more and consequently valued more, and now when there are many things available to use and many ways to communicate, people start looking for something more interesting, always searching for the better. Often people take many things for granted, and suffer only when they lose them. And this song is about these things, about the lost love, a man is begging his love to come back to him. Probably, if someone presented a poem in a Renaissance style to his loved one, this person would think it is a joke, or would be confused, as today there are other rules for this kind of things. Nowadays, comparison of love with nature does not happen, and that is why people are usually surprised when they see something like that. Rivers, birds and the countryside are not so romantic today for women, as they dream of other things. The things that have not changed in the poem and in the song are peoples perception of love, their feelings. What is changed are the adjectives with the help of which people compare their feelings and the situation they are in. Romance has changes a lot, the whole approach to the perception, the meaning, the way of life and future is seen the other way. In todays busy world people want to have everything at a time a job, a loved person, money, career, children, houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦And in the period of Renaissance people had other values, where dominated the family, children and home. The society today dictates the trends, the values, the important things, the must haves and other modern innovations. As a fact, online communication has a huge infl uence of what is happening around the world, on relationships between people, on their behavior, on their plans and life. Some people do not find it necessary to go out of the home because they have internet connection and social media helps them live their life online, while the real offline life passes very quickly. In the poem The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, the peace and isolation are the key words that describe the life of a shepherd who is waiting for his love. But today it is almost impossible to live isolated in romance and in harmony with the nature as described in a poem, as the song describes the relationship that did not last because of the mistake a man made and he is alone. It is obvious, that today people make the things more complicated because of the rules the society has made itself. All in all, there is so big difference between the life in the Renaissance period and today that it is almost impossible to imagine what life would be like. Many people would not like to give up everything they have and change it for what the Renaissance period could give them. Probably, people who lived in Renaissance period would not understand the meaning of the current popular song, as the things have changed so much in these centuries that it is difficult to believe it. Both the song Love The Way You Lie and the poem The Passionate Shepherd to His Love reflect love, and till people have the ability to express their feelings, the life is worth living.

An Encounter with Prostitution Essay -- Prostitutes Prostitution Descr

An Encounter with Prostitution It was a busy Saturday afternoon at the Sea-tec Mall, many different people walking in and out of the large department stores and inside the interior of the mall. However, the vast majority of people walking among the mall were groups of young teenage girls. The mall has become the major hangout for teenagers, where both males and females roam to show themselves off to people of the opposite sex. I noticed two girls at the food court, where they were in line waiting to buy coffee from Starbucks. One of them, whom I shall call Melissa, was approximately twenty years old. She was wearing a white cotton tank top and a pair of denim shorts. Her long, golden brown hair was tied in a tight ponytail that cascaded down the middle of her back. A pair of blue-framed sunglasses with highly reflective lenses rested delicately on the top of her head. Her blue eyes shined brightly as she looked around the mall, looking for anyone she might recognize. Her skin was soft and delicate, obviously pampered by lotions and cremes, most likely bought at â€Å"Bed, Bath, and Beyond.† Her feet were encased in socks and a pair of white sneakers, so clean they seemed new. This girl was extremely attractive, and her attire suggested she was ready to show her attractiveness to the teenage males also roaming the mall. The second female, whom I shall call Stephanie, was dressed much more conservatively. Stephanie wore a pale-blue t-shirt and a pair of tight denim j...

Leaving

1. Nowadays, many immigrants have moved to America(north, central, and south) for many reasons, searching for a fresh start. My family was one of them. I was born in Egypt and lived there for six years of my life. My family’s decision to immigrate to Canada was basically for my future. At that time, the state of the Egyptian government was very unstable, the economy was poor and there were many problems between Christians and Muslims in the country. Also, the education system in Egypt is not one of the best in the world. So, thinking of my future, my parents decided to immigrate to Canada. I have been living here for 12 years now. My country will always be the best to my eyes but I have to say my place is in Canada. In one’s life, it is highly likely that one will hear somebody say â€Å"I've been lucky to have some great opportunities acting with some great people since leaving my country† or â€Å" I have certainly been kept busy since leaving the street! † talking about how much his life is better in another country. In M. G. Vassanji’s short story, â€Å"Leaving† we followed the plot which took place in Tanzania in the 21st century. The story gives a clear representation of immigrant’s lives, their motives and their most dominant struggles. The story can be perceived from many different angles with the use of context, the character’s evolution, the language used and the plot. The origin of â€Å" Uhuru Street† and more specifically of â€Å"Leaving† has much to do with the origin of M. G. Vassanji. Vassanji is a Canadian writer of Indian identity. He was born in Kenya and spent his early years in the south of Asia, in Tanzania. In his written pieces, he concentrates on the situation of south Asians living in Africa. There, we can already see a direct link of vassanji’s life and the people he writes about. Much like Aloo in â€Å"Leaving†, he even received a scholarship to the university of Massachusetts. In his stories, Vassanji analyzes the lives of those people, which are affected by the several migrations. The short story that I chose takes place in Tanzania, Africa. It involves an Indian family living in Africa dealing with the possibility of migration of one of the sons to America and how this could affect his and his whole family’s life. In the story, the son is helped by his family to go to university in America. The mother suffers because she is a widow who raised four children and has trouble letting her son go. â€Å"Leaving† mainly talks about the leaving of the place where our roots are, nowing that everything will change. M. G Vassanji’s style is very unique. It is rather simple and direct combining real life events with heart-felt emotions, nationalities and historical facts. This author had many motives and purposes in writing this story. First of all, this story is a reproduction of a part of his experience because he went through the same life issues as Aloo did. Secondly, the story is a representation of the fears of Indians and immigrants in general. In â€Å"Leaving†, the mother fears that her son will loose a part of his heritage, living in a country where there is no link to it and where there is no daily practice of it and she risks loosing her son. She is also afraid of letting him go because of her protective nature and roots. Third of all, Vassanji intended to show the reader what immigrants go through, what their values are and how they live. Aloo’s motive for leaving Africa even though he was not accepted in the program he applied for says a lot about the living conditions of immigrants to Africa. 2. A)The story is about the life of an Indian family of a widow mother, her two daughters and two sons living in Africa. At the beginning, we learn that the two daughters have gotten married and the mother misses them. Aloo’s mother, as we remark, places all her hope in her son Aloo hoping he will be a man with good opportunities followed by a bright future. Aloo and the narrator are the youngest of 4 children, 2 boys and 2 girls, raised by their widow mother. We learn as we read the story that the daughters are married and out of their mother’s house. This leaves a large burden on the mother’s shoulders as she starts feeling emotions of loneliness. One day, the family sells their store and move from Uhuru Street to Upanga, which was described as peaceful and quiet. During Aloo’s graduate year, he goes on a life changing fieldtrip with a former professor back from abroad. His chat with the professor was the turning point that made Aloo get courage to apply to an American university. In reaction to this desire, Aloo’s mother humored the boy, feeling this was a waste of time. she did not want to get his hopes up only to see them shattered afterwards. When the character finally receives the letter from the California institute of technology, Aloo learns he has been accepted in the agriculture program. Aloo initially wanted to go into medicine and had gotten accepted in the local university of Tanzania. Mother, surprised by the news, kept trying to put Aloo down to protect him and keep him from leaving telling him they did not have enough money. She also joked about how some of his uncles in America would help with financial aid. When Aloo kept insisting, they all decided to confide in an old friend, Mr. Velji. Mr. Velji was very impressed by Aloo’s straight A average and said that it would be a good opportunity and a good experience for the young man. Mother had a hard time letting her son go but ended up doing it to make him happy. The final passage of the story is a letter from Aloo written from London telling his family how much London is a beautiful place and sharing his wonderful experience with them. All the events that happened in the plot are a brief explanation of the passage. First, the event of the mother’s letting her other son, the narrator, go to America foreshadowed that she would have problems letting Aloo go as well but that she would finally let him leave. Second, when Aloo started having hope to go to America and was determined to go, foreshadows the fact that he would expect so much from his trip and would change during this trip as we read in the passage. Third of all, when the mother chose to ask Mr. Velji’s opinions about Aloo’s departure, we could see that she knew what she was doing. She knew that, with his experience from going to America himself, he would be able to judge the situation wisely. This can be related to the character’s evolution in the passage. 2. B) We can see that, in this specific passage, two characters have evolved: Aloo and the mother. In the beginning of the story, the reader’s perception of Aloo is a young adult chasing after his dream of getting into the medicine program. He was viewed as an excellent student with a straight â€Å"A† average. When he receives the letter from the university of California back and finds out he was accepted, he decides he would go to the university because of the fact that he was an Indian being accepted and welcomed by many fraternities in an American university. we can see that his acceptance was a very unusual thing happening because of the discrimination that exists in America nowadays towards immigrants. This event marked the start of his evolution. The passage itself is a letter written by Aloo to his family from London, where e had stopped to visit a friend, telling them how the places he has visited are so different and so beautiful. This passage can have many interpretations. Aloo can be simply sharing a wonderful experience with his mother and siblings or he could be telling them that finally he is living and that what he used to live in Asia is not good enough. In London, he felt as if he was in a world of freedom and opportunities and that Asia was a prison that he escaped from. The second character to whom we can associate a certain evolution in the passage of the short story â€Å"Leaving† is Aloo’s mother. Throughout the beginning of the story up to the middle, the mother had been rather neutral about Aloo’s going away to university. She did not want to encourage him because of many reasons. First of all, she knew that being of Indian origin, he would probably have more trouble than Americans in getting into the university. She did not want to get his hopes up and then see all of his dreams shattered because of the discrimination that exists in the U. S. A. Secondly, she knew that if he ever was accepted and did go away to university, he would probably like his life there more than his life in dare s salam and therefore would not think about coming back. On the other hand, she also was afraid that he would loose a part of his Indian identity if he went to another country and changed his way of living. Basically, in all of the preceding reasons, the mother just wants to protect her child from the outside world that she knows nothing about. Then, in the second half of the story, the mother’s behavior and view concerning Aloo’s departure slowly starts changing. Her love for her son, her protective ways and seeing her son’s dreams being shattered when she tells him that he will not be leaving make her start to see that she needs to learn to let go. In the passage, after the mother has read Aloo’s letter, she stares into the distance. She stares into the distance because she sees what she feared happening in front of her eyes. At this point, we see that she is still worried about her child especially after her interpretation of the words in his letter, but she is ready to accept what life brings him and let him build the bases of his own life. I think time is the wisest counselor for her. 2. d) In the passage, there is a sentence that has a rather hidden meaning from Aloo’s point of view. Vassanji wrote, â€Å"Even the mountains are clean and civilized†. This part of the phrase means that Aloo is criticizing his old life, the life with his mother and siblings in Tanzania as to say that he has finally reached what is the real civilization. He is basically showing them that he is finally in a better place when he never even imagined of going there until a few months before. Vassanji wrote: â€Å"Aloo’s first letter came a week after he left, from London where he’d stopped over to see a former classmate. It flowed over with excitement. How can I describe it,’ he wrote, ‘the sight from the plane†¦mile upon mile of carefully tilled fields, the earth divided into neat green squares†¦even the mountains are clean and civilized. And London†¦Oh London! It seemed that it would never end†¦blocks and blocks of houses, squares, parks, monuments†¦could any city be larger?†¦ How many of our Dar es Salaams would fit here , in this one gorgeous city†¦? A bird flapping its wings: Mr Velji nodding wisely in his chair, Mother staring into the distance. † 3. As I mentioned before, this specific passage, can be viewed in two ways. The most obvious one is that Aloo’s letter is simply a way of expressing his wonderful experience and sharing this happy moment with his family with no other intention. This interpretation is a rather innocent interpretation of Aloo’s character in the way that he is sharing his excitement of seeing things he has never even imagined before. The other decipherment of this passage is an unfavorable one. The view is that Aloo wrote the letter as a criticism of the Asian lifestyle and as a method of telling his family how he is in a better place and has a better life. Some may even read the mother’s reaction of staring into the distance as a selfish one. The mother would be thinking about how her son has left her and went to a better place after all she did for him. She might even be jealous of the fact that her son has many opportunities that she never got to have as a young adult. Of course she is happy that he gets to go and chase after his dreams but she is sad at the idea that he chose his dreams over his mother. 4. With the use of context, character’s evolution and plot, we can see that this passage has a large variety of interpretations. Aloo’s words are either perceived as innocent and good or selfish and bad. He could be writing to his family to share a wonderful, breathtaking experience or he could be writing to tell them how much life in Africa is a prison and how he has finally found the real life. Either way, the most important aspect of this passage is the fact that Aloo left his a country that resembled his own and people who are like him to go towards the unknown. What are his motives for doing so? The predominant incitement for this choice is the fact that he is an Indian boy being accepted and highly welcomed by several fraternities to the university. This was truly a once in a lifetime opportunity because the Indians and immigrants in general, from what we understand from the story, were discriminated against at that time in America. Etymology of words: Green: â€Å"O. E. grene, earlier groeni, related to O. E. growan â€Å"to grow,† from W. Gmc. *gronja- (cf. O. Fris. grene, O. N. gr? nn, Dan. gron, Du. groen, Ger. grun), from PIE base *gro- â€Å"grow,† through sense of â€Å"color of living plants. † The color of jealousy at least since Shakespeare (1596); â€Å"Greensleeves,† ballad of an inconstant lady-love, is from 1580. Meaning of â€Å"a field, grassy place† was in O. E. Sense of â€Å"of tender age, youthful† is from 1412; hence â€Å"gullible† (1605). Greenhorn (containing the sense of â€Å"new, fresh, recent†) was first â€Å"young horned animal† (1455), then â€Å"recently enlisted soldier† (1650), then â€Å"any inexperienced person† (1682). Green light in figurative sense of â€Å"permission† is from 1937. Green and red as signals on railways first attested 1883, as nighttime substitutes for semaphore flags. Green beret originally â€Å"British commando† is from 1949. Green room â€Å"room for actors when not on stage† is from 1701; presumably a well-known one was painted green. †[1] Block solid piece,† c. 1305, from O. Fr. bloc â€Å"log, block,† via M. Du. bloc â€Å"trunk of a tree† or O. H. G. bloh, both from PIE *bhlugo-, from *bhel â€Å"a thick plank, beam. † Slang sense of â€Å"head† is from 1635. The meaning in city block is 1796 , from the notion of a â€Å"compact mass† of buildings; slang meaning â€Å"fashionable promenade† is 1869. Extended sense of â€Å"obstruction† is first recorded 1649. The verb â€Å"to obstruct† is from 1570. Blockhead â€Å"stupid person† (1549) was originally a head-shaped oaken block used by hat-makers. Blockade first used 1680, with false Fr. ending (the Fr. word is blocus). Blockhouse is c. 500, of unknown origin. † Flappig/Fly â€Å"†to soar through air,† O. E. fleogan (class II strong verb; past tense fleag, pp. flogen), from W. Gmc. *fleuganan (cf. O. H. G. fliogan, O. N. flugja, M. Du. vlieghen, Ger. fliegen), from PIE *pleu- â€Å"flowing, floating† (cf. Lith. plaukiu â€Å"to swim†). The O. E. plural in -n (cf. oxen) gradually normalized 13c. -15c. to -s. Notion of â€Å"flapping as a wing does† led to sense of â€Å"tent flap† (1810), which yielded (1844) â€Å"covering for buttons that close up a garment. † Flying buttress is from 1669. Fly-fishing (from fly (n. )) is from 1653; while flying fish is from c. 511. Flying saucer first attested 1947, though the image of saucers for unidentified flying objects is from at least 1880s. Flying Dutchman ghost ship first recorded c. 1830, in Jeffrey, Baron de Reigersfeld's â€Å"The Life of a Sea Officer. † Slang phrase fly off the handle â€Å"lose one's cool† dates from 1825. On the fly is 1851. Flying colors (1706) is probably from the image of a naval vessel with the national flag bravely displayed. † Distance â€Å"c. 1290, from O. Fr. destance, from L. distantia â€Å"a standing apart,† from distantem (nom. distans) â€Å"standing apart, separate, distant,† prp. f distare â€Å"stand apart,† from dis- â€Å"apart, off† + stare â€Å"to stand† (see stet). The figurative sense is the same as in stand-offish. Phrase go the distance (1930s) seems to be origina lly from boxing. † Plane â€Å"flat surface,† 1604, from L. plantum â€Å"flat surface,† properly neut. of adj. planus â€Å"flat, level, plain, clear,† from PIE *pla-no- (cf. Lith. plonas â€Å"thin;† Celtic *lanon â€Å"plain;† perhaps also Gk. pelanos â€Å"sacrificial cake, a mixture offered to the gods, offering (of meal, honey, and oil) poured or spread†), suffixed form of base *pele- â€Å"to spread out, broad, flat† (cf. O. C. S. polje â€Å"flat land, field,† Rus. polyi â€Å"open;† O. E. , O. H. G. feld, M. Du. veld â€Å"field†). Fig. sense is attested from 1850. The verb meaning â€Å"soar, glide on motionless wings† is first recorded 1611, from M. Fr. planer (16c. ), from L. planum on notion of bird gliding with flattened wings. Of boats, etc. , â€Å"to skim over the surface of water† it is first found 1913. † Maps [pic] [pic] Ramatan Abdel-Maksoud Analysis of â€Å"Leaving† 603-103-04 David Fielding March 6th 2009 ———————– [1] http://www. Etymonline. com (all etymologies of words)

Free Essays on A History Of The Arab-Israeli Conflict

can be used to best summarize the region: volatile and unstable. The distrust and genuine hatred between the Israelis and the Palestinians and Arab community has created a recent history marked with thousands of skirmishes, hundreds of minor conflicts, countless terrorist actions, and four major wars. The 1990's offered a ray of hope in Palestinian/Israeli relations. Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) leader, Yasser Arafat, began to publicly assume a less radical stance than was the previous norm. Arafat and the PLO denounced terrorist acts around the world and under the influence of the Clinton administration entered into a less hostile stance towards Israel. Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Ahud Barak, both from Israel's more liberal parties, agreed to open negotiations with the PLO. These striking moves and new actions toward peace were a first in the history of the State of Israel. With the combination of both sides being willing to make previously unheard of concessions along with a Clinton Administration that was actively focusing on a Middle East Peace Agreement, a stage was being set the stage for a monumental peace accord. Greatly helping the situation was the fact that the mid to late 1990's marked an era of relative peace and stability throughout the entire Middle East region. In the years following the 1991 Gulf War the major radical figure of the region, Saddam Hussein, was greatly weakened and therefore his influence on the region was reduced. The public began to see the face of a new, more peaceful, less radical Middle East. Hussein's Jordan and Israel signed a historic peace accord between the two countries in 1995. It was during this era, that a feasible possibility of peace between Israel and the Palestinians could be wrought. Despite the great hope for p... Free Essays on A History Of The Arab-Israeli Conflict Free Essays on A History Of The Arab-Israeli Conflict In the fifty- three years following the establishment of an Israeli homeland on May 14, 1948 in Palestine, two words can be used to best summarize the region: volatile and unstable. The distrust and genuine hatred between the Israelis and the Palestinians and Arab community has created a recent history marked with thousands of skirmishes, hundreds of minor conflicts, countless terrorist actions, and four major wars. The 1990's offered a ray of hope in Palestinian/Israeli relations. Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) leader, Yasser Arafat, began to publicly assume a less radical stance than was the previous norm. Arafat and the PLO denounced terrorist acts around the world and under the influence of the Clinton administration entered into a less hostile stance towards Israel. Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Ahud Barak, both from Israel's more liberal parties, agreed to open negotiations with the PLO. These striking moves and new actions toward peace were a first in the history of the State of Israel. With the combination of both sides being willing to make previously unheard of concessions along with a Clinton Administration that was actively focusing on a Middle East Peace Agreement, a stage was being set the stage for a monumental peace accord. Greatly helping the situation was the fact that the mid to late 1990's marked an era of relative peace and stability throughout the entire Middle East region. In the years following the 1991 Gulf War the major radical figure of the region, Saddam Hussein, was greatly weakened and therefore his influence on the region was reduced. The public began to see the face of a new, more peaceful, less radical Middle East. Hussein's Jordan and Israel signed a historic peace accord between the two countries in 1995. It was during this era, that a feasible possibility of peace between Israel and the Palestinians could be wrought. Despite the great hope for p...

The History of Semantics Essays

The History of Semantics Essays The History of Semantics Essay The History of Semantics Essay semantics  [Gr. ,=significant] in general, the study of the relationship between words and meanings. The empirical study of word meanings and sentence meanings in existing languages is a branch of linguistics; the abstract study of meaning in relation to language or symbolic logic systems is a branch of philosophy. Both are called semantics. The field of semantics has three basic concerns: the relations of words to the objects denoted by them, the relations of words to the interpreters of them, and, in symbolic logic, the formal relations of signs to one another (syntax). In linguistics, semantics has its beginnings in France and Germany in the 1820s when the meanings of words as significant features in the growth of language was recognized. Among the foremost linguistic semanticists of the 20th cent. are Gustaf Stern, Jost Trier, B. L. Whorf, Uriel Weinreich, Stephen Ullmann, Thomas Sebeok, Noam  Chomsky, Jerrold Katz, and Charles Osgood. In the linguistics of recent years an offshoot of transformational  grammar  theory has reemphasized the role of meaning in linguistic analysis. This new theory, developed largely by George Lakoff and James McCawley, is termed generative semantics. In anthropology a new theoretical orientation related to linguistic semantics has been developed. Its leading proponents include W. H. Goodenough, F. G. Lounsbury, and Claude  Levi-Strauss. In philosophy, semantics has generally followed the lead of symbolic logic, and many philosophers do not make a distinction between logic and semantics. In this context, semantics is concerned with such issues as meaning and truth, meaning and thought, and the relation between signs and what they mean. The leading practitioners have been Gottlob  Frege, Lady Welby, Bertrand  Russell, Otto Neurath, RudolfCarnap, Alonzo Church, Alfred Tarski, C. I. Lewis, Ludwig  Wittgenstein, J. L. Austin, W. V. Quine, P. F. Strawson, Steven Schiffer, John Searle, H. P. Grice, Saul Kripke, Donald Davidson, and Gilbert Harman. Since the publication of the influential  The Meaning of Meaning  (1925) by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, semantics has also become important to literary criticism and stylistics, in which the way that metaphors evoke feelings is investigated and differences between ordinary and literary language are studied. A related discipline, general semantics (so called to distinguish it from semantics in linguistics or philosophy), studies the ways in which meanings of words influence human behavior. General semantics was developed by Alfred  Korzybski. The key term in Korzybskis system is evaluation, the mental act that is performed by the hearer when a word is spoken. Among the most prominent followers of Korzybski are Stuart Chase, S. I. Hayakawa, and H. L. Weinberg. Bibliography A useful introduction to general semantics is H. L. Weinberg,  Levels of Knowing and Existence  (1959) and F. R. Palmer,  Semantics  (1981). For semantics in linguistics, see S. Ullman,  Semantics  (1962) and  The Principles of Semantics  (1957, repr. 1967); N. Chomsky,  Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar  (1972); G. Leach,  Semantics  (1974); and J. Lyons,  Language, Meaning, and Context  (1981). For semantics in philosophy, see R. Carnap,  Meaning and Necessity  (2d ed. 1956); K. and A. Lehrer,  The Theory of Meaning  (1970); J. F. Rosenberg and C. Travis, ed. ,  Readings in the Philosophy of Language  (1971); and D. Davidson and G. Harman, ed. ,  Semantics of Natural Language  (2d ed. 1973). For semantics in literary criticism, see K. Burke,  A Rhetoric of Motives  (1950) and  A Grammar of Motives  (1955) and the works of W. Empson and P. Wheelwright. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia ® Copyright  © 2013, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www. cc. columbia. edu/cu/cup/ Ads by Google Have You Written a Book? Talk to a Publishing Advisor. Get published now. Get our Free Guide! AuthorHouse. co. uk [pic] semantics Study of meaning, one of the major areas of linguistic study (see  linguistics). Linguists have approached it in a variety of ways. Members of the school of interpretive semantics study the structures of language independent of their conditions of use. In contrast, the advocates of generative semantics insist that the meaning of sentences is a function of their use. Still another group maintains that semantics will not advance until theorists take into account the psychological questions of how people form concepts and how these relate to word meanings. For more information on  semantics, visit Britannica. com. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Copyright  © 1994-2008 Encyclop? dia Britannica, Inc. Ads by Google 3 50 www. sharqacademy. com [pic] semantics The study of the meaning of words. Contrast with  syntax, which governs the structure of a language. See  Semantic Web  and  Systemantics. Computer Desktop Encyclopedia copyright  ©1981-2013 by  The Computer Language Company Inc. All Right reserved. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction is strictly prohibited without permission from the publisher. Ads by Google High School Online Self-paced online courses help you Finish High School your way. www. aiuhs. org [pic] semantics 1. the study of the relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent 2. Logic a. the study of interpretations of a formal theory b. he study of the relationship between the structure of a theory and its subject matter c. (of a formal theory) the principles that determine the truth or falsehood of sentences within the theory, and the references of its terms Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition  © HarperCollins Publishers 2005 Ads by Google egypt. dubizzle. com [pic] semant ics  [si? man ·tiks] (communications) The branch of semiotics that deals with the relations between symbols and what they stand for, and defines the meaning that is prescribed for a statement by its originator. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright  © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Ads by Google www. englishforarabs. com [pic] |(theory) |semantics   The meaning of a string in some language, as opposed to  syntax  which describes how symbols may be | | | |combined independent of their meaning. | | | | | | | |The semantics of a programming language is a function from programs to answers. A program is a  closed term  and, in | | | |practical languages, an answer is a member of the syntactic category of values. The two main kinds are  denotational | | | |semantics  andoperational semantics. | | This article is provided by FOLDOC Free Online Dictionary of Computing (foldoc. org) Ads by Google StudiesInAustraliaArabic. com [pic] Warning! The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Semantics the branch of linguistics that studies the meanings of linguistic units. Semantics can also be defined as an aspect of the study of signs in semiotics or as the meaning of linguistic units. [This article will discuss linguistic semantics, that is, semantics as first defined above. ] The term â€Å"semasiology† is historically a synonym for â€Å"semantics. † In linguistic semantics, the elementary object of study consists of the three elements of the linguistic sign- especially the word- considered in their unity: the signifier, the denotatum, and the signified. The signifier is the external element, the sequence of sounds or graphic signs. It is linked with the denotatum (a signified object or phenomenon of reality) and with the referent (an object or phenomenon signified by a given linguistic unit within an utterance or by an utterance as a whole). It is also linked with the signified, which is the reflection of that object or phenomenon in human consciousness. The signified is the result of the social understanding of reality and is usually identical to a concept or mental representation. The three-way link of signifier-denotatum-signified constitutes the category of meaning and the basic unit of semantics. These tripartite units enter into regular and systemic relationships with one another. One unit may be compared to another on the basis of one of the three elements: the signified (in the case of synonyms), the signifier (in the case of homonyms), and the denotatum and referent (in the case of a special form of synonymy known as transformation or periphrasis). Synonymy, homonymy, periphrasis (transformation), and polysemy form the basis of the systemic quality in semantics. The systemic quality is manifested most clearly in relatively small groups of words that are similar in one respect (in which they are synonyms) and opposed in another (in which they are antonyms). Such groupings, which differ depending on the language, constitute structural oppositions. For example, the Russian words  ekhat  (â€Å"to go [by vehicle]†),  idti  (â€Å"to go [on foot]†)  plyt’  (â€Å"to swim,† â€Å"to go [by boat]†), and  letet’ (â€Å"to fly†) have a common feature of â€Å"human locomotion† but are opposed as regards the feature of â€Å"means of locomotion. Such features within groups are studied and described as components of meaning or semantic factors. Elementary word groups may be combined in a relationship of content, forming thematic groups and semantic and lexical â€Å"fields. † For example, all the means of expressing the concept of joy in a given language constitute the lexica l-semantic field â€Å"joy. † Linguistic semantics seeks to provide a complete description of the semantic system of a given language in the form of a thesaurus. The thesaurus vividly demonstrates that semantics preserves what results from the reflection and comprehension of the objective world in human social practice. For example, the concepts â€Å"to be,† â€Å"to have,† â€Å"time,† â€Å"form,† and â€Å"content,† which were developed in European culture, may be represented differently or not at all in other cultures. In the language of the Hopi Indians, there are no nouns of the type â€Å"spring,† â€Å"winter,† â€Å"present,† and â€Å"future†; corresponding- but not identical- concepts are expressed adverbially (for example, â€Å"when warm†). Rain† is named as an object (substance) in Indo-European languages but as a process (feature) in the American Indian language of the Hupa (literally, â€Å"it comes down†). On the other hand, the opposition of substance (â€Å"object†) and feature (â€Å"process,† â€Å"action,† and so fort h) is objective and universal: every language maintains the opposition through its own means and within the framework of its own system as an opposition between noun and verb. Semantics seeks to discover and study these universal semantic categories. The polysemant is a most important object of semantic study and one of the key points in the interrelationships between system and speech (or text). It represents a complex of lexical-semantic variants, related to one another in the system as specific lexical meanings and behaving in speech as the concrete realization of these meanings. In speech or text, words also enter into elementary relationships of another type. The relationships are determined by the ability of words to combine with one another. The combinations permitted by the system of a language determine the distribution of each word relative to others. For example, the distribution will vary for the Russian words  krichat’ (vo vsiu moch’) (â€Å"to shout [with all one’s might]†),  bezhat’(vo vse lopatki) (â€Å"to run [as fast as one  can]†), pozdravliat’ (ot vsego serdtsa) (â€Å"to congratulate [with all one’s heart]†), and  naedat’sia (do otvala) (â€Å"to eat [until one can eat no more]†). The distributive analysis of meanings is a special task of semantics. The word combinations  vo vsiu moch’, vo vse lopatki, ot vsego serdtsa, and  do otvala  have the common meaning of â€Å"to the highest degree,† but the specific form used to express this meaning depends on the combining word; thus,  vo vsiu moch’  is combined with  krichat’, vo vse lopatkiwith  bezhat’, and so forth. The form of expression is therefore a function of the combination. Semantics seeks to discover and study such functions- known as lexical parameters- which allow extensive groups of words, word combinations, and sentences to be represented as systemic periphrases (transformations) of one another. The creation of a thesaurus of functions is a long-range task of semantics. When transformations are studied, the distinction between lexical semantics (the meaning of root morphemes, words, and word combinations) and grammatical semantics (the study of the meanings of grammatical forms) recedes into the background, and traditional semasiology becomes simply a part of semantics. On the other hand, the distinction between the denotatum and the referent becomes essential. Thought correspondence to the denotatum is called meaning, and thought correspondence to the referent and the reflection in consciousness of a whole situation is often called sense. Thus, the content of the term â€Å"semantics† expands and semantics acquires a new task: to study the system of such â€Å"senses. † The study is known as syntactic semantics. Semantics also studies characteristic changes in meaning that occur in the history of a language and seeks to discover semantic laws. The conceptual fund of a language is divided into that which is the common property of all members of a given society and that which is the property of science. The former includes the everyday, â€Å"naive,† or linguistic, concepts (the â€Å"immediate† meanings of words), whereas the latter includes scientific concepts and terms (the â€Å"more distant† meanings of words). An example of the difference is seen in the colloquial use of the Russian word  kapital  to mean a large sum of money and the specialized use of the term in political economy to mean capital. One general semantic law is that everyday words having features in common with scientific concepts constantly strive to merge their parameters of content with those of the scientific terms. Key cultural terms, which differ for each era, occupy a special place between everyday and scientific concepts. Such key terms include â€Å"civilization,† â€Å"revolution,† â€Å"democracy,† â€Å"science,† â€Å"technology,† â€Å"individual,† â€Å"love,† and â€Å"machine. † The meanings of a language’s everyday words and the dominant ideas of society are combined in the semantic content of these terms. In studying the development of key cultural terms and concepts of different types, the tasks of semantics coincide with those of cultural history and semiotics. Semantics emerged in the late 19th century, simultaneously in Russia (M. M. Pokrovskii) and France (M. Breal), as a historical discipline studying semantic laws. According to the aspect of the semantics of language that is taken as the basis for the discipline, various directions are distinguished. These directions include analysis of lexical-semantic variation (V. V. Vinogradov, A. I. Smirnitskii, N. N. Amosova, A. A. Ufimtseva, and D. N. Shmelev of the USSR); oppositive (componential) analysis, or semantic factoring (L. Hjelmslev of Denmark, A. Kroeber and W. Goodenough of the USA, and O. N. Seliverstova of the USSR); and the method of fields and thesauri (R. Hailing and W. Wartburg of the Federal Republic of Germany and Iu. N. Karaulov of the USSR). Among other directions are distributive analysis (R. Langacker of the USA and V. A. Zvegintsev and Iu. D. Apresian of the USSR); logical-transformational analysis based on the category of lexical parameter, or function (I. A. Mel’chuk and Iu. D. Apresian of the USSR and A. Wierzbicka of Poland); and analysis of key cultural terms (G. Matore and E. Benveniste of France and Iu. S. Sorokin and R. A. Budagov of the USSR).

Succession Planning in the Peri-Operative Setting Thesis Proposal

Succession Planning in the Peri-Operative Setting - Thesis Proposal Example Research question/hypothesis: Can new nurses fit the succession plan with adequate training? 4) The benefits of conducting such a study It will lead to development of leadership roles for new nurses and encourage their involvement in shaping the future. 5) Theoretical frame-work appropriate for this study The frame-work would involve sections such as 1) Participants 2) procedures 3) measures 4) Data analysis. 6) Identify how extensive a literature review need to be conducted, note key words and word searches. Is there evidence of for nursing practice for this particular topic. The first step in writing a research proposal would be to read research articles both written and electronic (data base).The first goal is to find one or two articles related to the investigation. No there is not. 7) What would be my sample? Characteristics and special sampling methods The sample is new nurses in their perioperative setting. They are young nurses, married, of ages 30 and above and have a degree in nursing and related fields. 9) What type of approval do you need and from whom? You would need the approval of the university from where the research will be conducted. You would need the approval of the Dean of faculty. 10) The ethical concern in the study? If so for whom? How can they be addressed? Is the study just an exercise at filling up the fat positions left by the retired nurses? How will it stand to benefit the patients?

Organizational Theory Design and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Organizational Theory Design and Change - Essay Example Each stage has its own crisis that must be resolved to move on to the next stage. Growth through creativity may result in crisis of leadership because of lack of skills in the entrepreneurs. This crisis results in difficult recruiting of top-level managers and strategy makers. Growth through direction face crisis of autonomy in which the creative employees lose control over the development of new product and professional managers take the control and the decision making is centralized. Growth through delegation faces crisis of control occurring due to power struggles between top-level and lower-level managers. Growth through coordination faces crisis of red tape during which organizations become extremely bureaucratic. Growth through collaboration may result in the organization becoming organic which can be difficult for the managers. Works Cited Jones, G. Organizational Theory Design and Change. NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009.

USA nursing school curriculum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

USA nursing school curriculum - Research Paper Example The paper tells that nursing education and hence the curriculum of courses providing the courses on nursing have been found to have modified to great extents over the years. In the present times, the courses for nursing education include advanced techniques and measures with purposes of better preparation. Nurses in collaboration with other health officials are now found taking part in this mission. In the United States, the nursing education in different institutions, colleges or universities are accompanied through several opportunities related to the nursing profession. For example, special lectures arranged by leaders in the field of nursing are provided for the nursing students. Also, different associations related to the nursing and health care take part in the educational programs thus enhancing the effects of the courses. US present a picture of advancement and development in the field of nursing education and provide the international students with indefinite opportunities a nd facilities. While students from the home country as well as from abroad come together in the learning process, there is always a mutual learning that occurs between the students. For the particular study, the nursing curriculum of the University of South Carolina has been considered. The College of Nursing in South Carolina under the University of South Carolina follows a nursing curriculum that provides interested candidates with several courses including the Bachelor of Science in Nursing, the Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Science, Doctor of Nursing Practice, and the Master of Science in Nursing degrees. ... ng (BSN Program Information, n.d.), the Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Science, Doctor of Nursing Practice, and the Master of Science in Nursing degrees (Graduate Program Information, n.d.). The BSN program as provided by the university is a four-year undergraduate program that combines the studies of the professional course and the knowledge of liberal arts. In it the general knowledge associated with english, chemistry, statistics, biology, psychology, sociology and other elective papers are included. Students completing the undergraduate program are eligible to take the licensure examination that is National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). On clearing this examination, the nursing candidate can initiate her career in the profession of nursing (BSN Program Information, n.d.). Masters and Dual Masters courses are also offered under the nursing curriculum in the South Carolina College of Nursing. The Doctorate course combines nine courses related to t he development of nursing theory, research and statistics (Graduate Program Information, n.d.). The Nursing Curriculum in USC and Its Success: Assessment and Analysis: Considering the needs and demands of the nursing candidates, and their growing interests in the field, it can be realized that the Bachelor of Science in Nursing proves to be an efficient course successfully preparing students to be able to perform in health organizations. In general the BSN program takes around four years to complete (Nursing, 2012). The college of Nursing under the South Carolina University was incepted in the year 1940 and accredited in 1957. Studies reveal that since then more than 6000 nursing students have completed their nursing courses from the university and started their career in the nursing

Major medical condition Essay Example for Free

Major medical condition Essay Virtual communities are a good example of how social exploration is impacted by ICT (and impacts) human interaction. A virtual community is an Internet-based medium where persons can ‘post’ thoughts, ideas, and opinions they would like to share with others. People experience a connection and social interaction through the virtual management of information in a digital medium. The virtual community allows information to be gain an open diversity that promotes the broadening of â€Å"horizons in terms of connecting with people of different backgrounds† (Ward p 101 1999). Citizens of the virtual community are not geographically secluded to their local culture, and therefore the management of information across the virtual community â€Å"seems to add to the interest and depth of the community† (Ward p 101 1999). ICT convergence allows for the Internet to be used for communication in multiple manners. The Internet is the medium where internet telephony, phone text message or SMS, online chat or IM, email, podcast, blog, and so forth take place. There is not another medium for transfer of digital information, but there are multiple and convergent methods (cell phone, computer, PDA) to utilize in the transfer. Internet telephony is one example of ICT convergence that has changes the manner in which society communicates. This refers to technology that enables routing of voice conversations over the Internet or any other IP network. The voice data flows over a general-purpose packet-switched network, instead of the traditional dedicated, circuit-switched voice transmission lines. The home computer or mobile laptop can function as a home based telephone, which allows for multiple social connections to be made. Phone text messages, instant messages, online chat and Short Message Service (SMS) are computer programs that enable two-way typing to connect users to each other. Available on digital networks these allow text messages of written characters to be sent and received via the network message centre to the mobile phone, or from the Internet. If the digital device is powered off or out of range, messages are stored in the network and are delivered at later. This increases the opportunity of social connectivity to overcome the concern of time and place, as messages can now be written and received instantly rather than left on a traditional answering machine, and accessed instantly or at a later time. Society places a profound monetary value on information communication technology. People pay for cellular phone access and satellite television. People purchase subscriptions to access the Internet for the ability to make medical, financial, housing, and even education decisions via digital communication. In 2005, 21 million Americans used the Internet to gain career education (Horrigan and Rainie p 4 2006). 17 million Americans used the Internet to help another person with a major medical condition, where 7 million used the Internet to help themselves deal with a major medical condition (Horrigan and Rainie p 4 2006). Another 17 million used the Internet to choose a college, where 16 million Americans used the Internet to purchase a car, and to make a major financial investment (Horrigan and Rainie p 4 2006). 10 million Americans used the Internet to find housing, and 8 million used the Internet to change jobs (Horrigan and Rainie p 4 2006). Podcasts are a form of digital broadcasting that allows the user to publish audio and video files to the Internet for users to download at anytime. This increases the ability to access media related information. A blog and email are written information that is sent instantly to a destination web site, forum, or individual person. Email is mail or text composed and transmitted on a computer network. A blog is basically a web-based journal that are typically updated daily using software that allows people with little or no technical background to update and maintain the blog in much the same manner as email, simply by typing the message and pressing send. Another significant example of using information communication technology to achieve a desired goal is the blogging community. Blogging is the act of creating and sharing a blog. A blog is written communication published on the Internet. Blogging has changed the manner in which writers achieve their publishing goals of sharing personal information and stories (Lenhart and Fox p 2 2006). There are about 12 million bloggers in America (persons who maintain a blog). 54% of bloggers â€Å"say they have never published their writing or media creations anywhere else† (Lenhart and Fox p 2 2006). Statistically speaking, that is six million Americans who have utilized a blog by managing information to reach desired writing and publishing goals.